This case tracker monitors key U.S. litigation that raises copyright (and copyright adjacent) issues related to the creation and use of generative AI. These issues can have a significant impact across the AI value chain, from content creators to those providing datasets, models, or AI solutions, and further still to the downstream uses of AI solutions (and AI outputs).
We monitor key copyright issues raised by the proliferation of generative AI technology by tracking key pending litigation. Each case has a page devoted to an overview of the lawsuit, a repository of key filings that address substantive legal issues, and a running summary of these filings.
For questions or feedback, please reach out to our editor, Theresa M. Weisenberger, and contributors,Diana C. Milton and Harrison A. Enright.
Cases and Their Developments
Advance Local Media v. Cohere: Conde Nast, The Atlantic, Axel Springer, and other news publishers accuse Cohere of direct and indirect copyright infringement based on the creation and operation of Cohere’s AI systems. This case can significantly contribute to fair use jurisprudence, particularly the fourth factor, as the complaint alleges a licensing market for their content for AI developers. Amended pleadings and joinder are due Sept. 15, 2025. 1:25-cv-01305 (S.D.N.Y.)
Alter v. OpenAI: Plaintiffs allege that OpenAI and Microsoft are liable for copyright infringement arising from the use of plaintiffs’ works to train defendants’ AI models. Discovery is underway. This consolidated action includes Alter v. OpenAI, Authors Guild v. OpenAI, and Basbanes v. OpenAI. Nos. 1:23-cv-8292, 1:23-cv-10211, 1:24-cv-84 (S.D.N.Y.).
Andersen v. Stability AI: Visual artist plaintiffs allege direct and induced copyright infringement, DMCA violations, false endorsement and trade dress claims based on the creation and functionality of Stability AI’s Stable Diffusion and DreamStudio, Midjourney Inc.’s eponymous generative AI tool, and DeviantArt’s DreamUp. Trial is scheduled for April 5, 2027. No. 3:23-cv-00201 (N.D. Cal.).
Bartz v. Anthropic: Author plaintiffs allege direct copyright infringement based on the creation of Anthropic’s Claude LLMs. Discovery is underway. 3:24-cv-05417 (N.D. Cal.).
Concord Music Group, Inc. v. Anthropic PBC: Music publisher plaintiffs allege Anthropic violated the Copyright Act and DMCA § 1202(b) by using copyrighted music lyrics to train Anthropic’s AI model Claude. Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction and Anthropic’s motion to dismiss are currently pending. No. 5:24-cv-03811 (N.D. Cal.).
Doe v. GitHub, Inc.: Plaintiffs allege that GitHub, Microsoft, and OpenAI breached open-source software licenses and violated DMCA by using plaintiffs’ copyrighted materials to create Codex and Copilot. This case is stayed pending interlocutory appeal of the court’s dismissal of plaintiffs’ DMCA claims. The opening appeal brief is due March 2025. No. 24-6136 (9th Cir.), No. 4:22-cv-06823 (N.D. Cal.).
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. v. Perplexity AI, Inc.: Rupert Murdoch’s Dow Jones and New York Post sued Perplexity AI for its use of the plaintiffs’ copyrighted news content in Perplexity AI’s RAG (retrieval-augmented generation) solution. No. 1:24-cv-07984 (S.D.N.Y.).
Getty Images v. Stability AI: Getty Images allege Stability AI infringed their copyrights by building and offering Stable Diffusion and DreamStudio. This case also includes trademark infringement allegations arising from the accused technology’s ability to replicate Getty Images’ watermarks in the AI outputs. Getty Images has sought to have the case dismissed or transferred to the Northern District of California. No. 1:23-cv-00135 (D. Del.).
In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation: Plaintiffs allege Google directly infringed their copyrights by scraping and using their works to train Google’s AI products (including Gemini). This consolidated action includes Leovy v. Google and Zhang v. Google. Nos. 5:23-cv-03440, 5:24-cv-02531 (N.D. Cal.).
Huckabee v. Bloomberg: Mike Huckabee (former governor of Arkansas) and others filed a putative class action complaint against Bloomberg alleging that Bloomberg is liable for direct copyright infringement for its use of the Books3 dataset to train its LLM. Defendant’s motion to dismiss has been fully briefed. Formerly Huckabee v. Meta. No. 1:23-cv-09152 (S.D.N.Y.).
The Intercept Media and Raw Story Media v. OpenAI: In two nearly identical lawsuits, The Intercept Media v. OpenAI and Raw Story Media v. OpenAI, a trio of news organizations represented by the same firm alleged DMCA violations arising out of the alleged inclusion of plaintiffs’ works of journalism in the datasets used to train ChatGPT. The only claim remaining in Intercept Media arises out of a DMCA violation. All claims have been dismissed in Raw Story Media, and the court is considering plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend their complaint. Nos. 1:24-cv-01515, 1:24-cv-01514 (S.D.N.Y.).
Kadrey v. Meta: Some of the same plaintiffs from the OpenAI ChatGPT Litigation filed a similar complaint against Meta, alleging Meta’s unauthorized copying of the plaintiffs’ books for purposes of training LLaMA models constitutes copyright infringement. Discovery is underway. This case includes Farnsworth v. Meta. Nos. 3:23-cv-03417, 3:24-cv-06893 (N.D. Cal.).
Nazemian and Dubus v. NVIDIA Corporation: Two groups of authors filed (now-related) class action complaints against NVIDIA Corporation, alleging that NVIDIA copied the authors’ copyrighted books without their permission to train its LLM, Nemo Megatron-GPT. Fact discovery closes November 2025. Nos. 3:24-cv-01454, 3:24-cv-02655 (N.D. Cal.).
The Newspaper Cases: Newspaper defendants allege Microsoft and OpenAI directly and indirectly infringed plaintiffs’ copyright by using those works in their training sets Defendants’ motions to dismiss are pending. This consolidated action includes New York Times v. Microsoft, Daily News v. Microsoft, and Center for Investigative Reporting v. Microsoft. Nos. 1:23-cv-11195, 1:24-cv-03285, 1:24-cv-04872 (S.D.N.Y.).
OpenAI ChatGPT Litigation: Author plaintiffs allege copyright infringement, vicarious copyright infringement, DMCA violations and torts related to OpenAI’s GPT models and ChatGPT service. Fact discovery closes April 2025. This consolidated action includes Tremblay v. OpenAI, Silverman v. OpenAI, and Chabon v. OpenAI. Nos. 3:23-cv-3223, 3:23-cv-3416, 3:23-cv-4625 (N.D. Cal.).
Thomson Reuters v. ROSS: Thomson Reuters sued ROSS Intelligence in May 2020, alleging the AI/legal research company unlawfully copied content from Thomson Reuter’s legal research platform Westlaw for the purpose of training its AI-based platform. This case will be the first to decide whether using copyrighted works to train AI models is (at least in this some cases) fair use. No. 1:20-cv-00613 (D. Del.).